Dry Eyes

Dry eyes are a common symptom that women may experience during menopause due to hormonal changes that affect the quality and quantity of tears.

Introduction

Symptoms of Dry Eyes During Menopause

  • Redness and Irritation – Eyes may appear red or feel itchy, especially after screen time or exposure to dry air.
  • Stinging or Burning Sensation – A common symptom of dryness and irritation.
  • Sensitivity to Light – Many women report discomfort in bright light or glare.
  • Gritty Sensation – Feeling like there is sand or grit in the eyes.
  • Blurred Vision – Particularly after prolonged eye use, like reading or computer work.
  • Watery Eyes – The body may produce reflex tears in response to dryness, which don’t adequately moisturize the eyes.

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Why Does Dry Eye Happen During Menopause?

Dry eyes during menopause are largely due to hormonal changes. Declining oestrogen and androgens can affect:

  • Tear Production – Reduced oestrogen means less fluid is produced by tear glands.
  • Tear Quality – Androgen reduction can decrease oil production from meibomian glands, leading to poor tear film that evaporates quickly.
  • Eye Moisture Retention – With less oil in tears, the tear film doesn’t hold moisture as effectively, causing faster evaporation and dryness.

Additionally, age-related changes like decreased collagen and elastin can further affect eye comfort and hydration.

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What to Expect with Dry Eyes During Menopause

Dry eye symptoms can vary, with some women experiencing occasional irritation and others dealing with persistent discomfort. Symptoms can fluctuate depending on lifestyle factors, such as screen time, climate, and humidity. Many women find that symptoms intensify in conditions like air-conditioned spaces or windy environments.

What You Can Do to Ease Dry Eye Symptoms

  1. Use Artificial Tears
    • Choose preservative-free artificial tears for frequent use without irritation.
    • Gel-based drops may provide longer-lasting moisture, especially at night.
  2. Apply Warm Compresses
    • A warm compress on the eyelids can help stimulate oil glands and improve tear quality.
    • Try placing a warm, damp cloth over closed eyes for 5-10 minutes daily.
  3. Stay Hydrated
    • Drinking plenty of water helps maintain hydration throughout the body, including the eyes.
    • Avoid dehydrating beverages like caffeine and alcohol when possible.
  4. Practice the 20-20-20 Rule
    • For every 20 minutes of screen time, look 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds to reduce strain and help maintain moisture.
  5. Invest in a Humidifier
    • Keeping indoor humidity levels balanced, especially in dry climates or during winter, can help prevent tear film evaporation.
  6. Wear Wrap-Around Sunglasses
    • Protect eyes from wind and UV light, which can dry out eyes more quickly, by wearing wrap-around sunglasses outdoors.
  7. Consider Omega-3 Supplements
    • Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil or flaxseed oil, may help improve tear quality. Consult your doctor before starting a new supplement.
  8. Limit Use of Contact Lenses
    • If possible, switch to glasses to reduce dryness caused by contact lenses. Some women find that switching to daily disposable contacts or using rewetting drops can also help.
  9. Blink Regularly
    • Especially during prolonged tasks, consciously blinking can help refresh the tear film and keep eyes moist.
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Lifestyle Tips for Managing Dry Eyes

  • Reduce Screen Time: Excessive screen time can decrease blinking frequency, worsening dryness.
  • Use Eye-Friendly Makeup: If you wear eye makeup, choose hypoallergenic, non-waterproof options that are easier to remove and less likely to irritate.
  • Get Regular Eye Exams: An eye doctor can monitor dry eye symptoms and suggest treatments, such as punctal plugs or prescription drops if needed.
  • Avoid Smoky or Polluted Environments: Smoke and pollution can irritate dry eyes, so limit exposure when possible.

Conclusion

Dry eyes during menopause are often due to hormonal changes, particularly reductions in oestrogen and androgens. Symptoms can include irritation, burning, and a gritty sensation, which can be uncomfortable but manageable. Regular use of artificial tears, hydration, and lifestyle adjustments often provide relief. For persistent cases, consult an eye care professional for tailored treatment options.

Dry Eyes FAQ's

Hormonal changes, especially the decline in oestrogen and androgens, affect tear production and tear film quality. Oestrogen influences mucous and fluid secretion, while androgens help regulate meibomian glands (oil-producing glands in the eyelids). When levels drop, tear quality decreases, leading to dryness and discomfort.

For some women, HRT may provide relief by stabilizing hormone levels, but it doesn’t work for everyone and may not be specifically effective for dry eyes. Talk with a healthcare provider to weigh the benefits and risks of HRT in your individual case.

For some women, dry eyes may improve as the body stabilizes post-menopause, but for others, symptoms may persist. Adopting a good eye care routine can often help manage long-term symptoms.