Increased UTIs

Increased urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common during menopause and perimenopause due to hormonal changes which cause thinning and dryness of the urinary and vaginal tissues, making them more susceptible to infection.

Introduction

During menopause and perimenopause, the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) increases due to hormonal changes, particularly the decline in oestrogen levels. Oestrogen plays a key role in maintaining the health of the urinary tract and the vaginal lining. When oestrogen levels drop, the tissues of the urinary tract and vaginal area can become thinner, drier, and more prone to irritation and infection. Additionally, the decrease in beneficial vaginal bacteria (lactobacilli) can lead to an imbalance, making it easier for harmful bacteria to grow and cause infections.

Other contributing factors include changes in bladder function, a weaker pelvic floor, and a slower immune response as women age.

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What Are the Typical Signs?

UTIs can present with a range of symptoms, including:

  • Burning sensation or pain when urinating
  • Frequent or intense urges to urinate, even if little comes out
  • Cloudy, strong-smelling, or bloody urine
  • Pelvic pain or discomfort, especially in the lower abdomen
  • Pressure or cramping in the groin area
  • Feeling fatigued or generally unwell

It’s important to recognize these symptoms early to prevent the infection from worsening or spreading to the kidneys.

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Tips on How to Manage or Reduce Symptoms

Lifestyle Tips:

  1. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and reduces the risk of infection.
  2. Practice Good Hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom to prevent the spread of bacteria.
  3. Empty Your Bladder Regularly: Don’t hold urine for long periods, and try to urinate after sexual activity to reduce the risk of bacterial growth.
  4. Wear Breathable Underwear: Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing that can trap moisture and create a breeding ground for bacteria.
  5. Use Vaginal Moisturizers or Oestrogen Creams: These can help maintain the health of the vaginal tissues. Speak to your healthcare provider before using any hormone-based products.
  6. Avoid Irritants: Stay away from strong soaps, douches, or feminine hygiene sprays, which can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria.

Dietary Tips:

  • Increase Cranberry Intake: Drinking unsweetened cranberry juice or taking cranberry supplements may help prevent UTIs by reducing bacterial adhesion to the bladder wall.
  • Probiotics: Consuming probiotics, such as yogurt or supplements, can support healthy vaginal and urinary tract flora.
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Treatment Options:

  • Antibiotics: UTIs are typically treated with a course of antibiotics. It’s important to take the full course even if symptoms improve.
  • Vaginal Oestrogen Therapy: Low-dose oestrogen treatments may help improve the health of the vaginal and urinary tissues and reduce the risk of recurrent infections.
  • Bladder Training: Working with a specialist to improve bladder control may help if UTIs are related to incontinence issues.

Conclusion

Increased UTIs during menopause and perimenopause are common due to hormonal changes that affect the urinary and vaginal tissues. By practicing good hygiene, staying hydrated, and using preventive measures like probiotics or oestrogen therapy, many women can reduce their risk of infection. If UTIs become frequent or severe, professional medical treatment can provide relief and improve urinary health.

Increased UTIs FAQ's

Cranberry juice or supplements may help prevent bacteria from attaching to the bladder wall, reducing the risk of UTIs. However, they are not a treatment for active infections and should be used as a preventive measure.

Yes, vaginal oestrogen therapy may help improve the health of the vaginal and urinary tract tissues, potentially reducing the risk of recurrent UTIs. Discuss this option with your healthcare provider.

The decrease in oestrogen levels during menopause can lead to thinning and drying of the urinary tract tissues, making them more susceptible to infection. Additionally, changes in the balance of vaginal bacteria can also increase the risk.